trijssell



C 0.1'RUSSELL.

TEMPORARY BiNO EH ANS METHOD OF FORMiNG THE SAME.

APPLICATION HLED IUNE 2. mm.

' 1,19%,684. Putvuted Aug. 15, 1916.

. r INV'ENTOR WITNESSES;

F By Attorneys,

Usrrnn sf.

nrs

ctnnnizcn DH'rnnssnLL, or ro'csnnsnrsrn, NEW YORK.

crsivrrcnnny mines nn 1 terns;- Y

Seeeifleation of Letters Patent.

FOR-NHNG THE SAME.

Patented Aug. 15, 1916.

Apnlication and 3m 2, isle; Serial No. 31.668.

:vxlth h t e "of binder wherein hulfrings or. prongsire nw-unterlnpminspring prong ingplnte, d the'srnd prongs haying i'iiiperzi'tiie cnee-tic: bet their edgfes, Jere pressed v y the pl if: either way from n.zcentral posinon whereby springheld either in the open on the closedpost tion' to which, they may be ridgusted. riorne of the parts of myinvention, as hereinafter set forth, are useful. in other connect ons.

The invention has for its object to pro- .vide on improved constructionof cover adepted tori use With such tempori ry b1nders, and which isalso capable of use for other purposes, which is of snnple construc-tion. cheaply made. and "(.1urable, and vmcli contains improved hingegoint, by the use of which I enabled to extend the inn sists in theprovision of simple and eco teriai of which the cover is composed COKEtin'uousiy through the extent thereof so that the same is ofsubstantially uniform thic ness throughout, and particularly at the backportion, and this-hinge oint enuoles the covers to lie inth e desiredpositioneithcr open or closed, and an object of the IRVQU 'tion is alsotoprovide a method. whereby the -cover--is formed.

' .Another. object of the invention is that by the. use. of the]improved cover, hav ng its rback-iiorticn Tum fiill strength. of theflsides, ram enalblcd'topro ide a stron g sup- .port forthe intatl partsA further oinect of the invention connornical opening means for theprongs.

In ,the construction of temporary binders ;;and other like books, it hasbeen the custom -.:t o. provide a cover with an outer lining of cloth orleather, which was usus-lly mountcd by means of some adhesive, such asglue or paste, upon a body or backing of board or i'lutcondition. Thepractice has been, so far I um aware, in covers of this character toomit part, for instance the body portion,

in that portion of the cover constitutingthe.

back, thereby producing a back which is thinner than the rest of thecoverund accordingiy sufliciently flexible to enable itto stay inposition. The Said cover, therefore, does not have its back formed ofcontinuous isycrs th oughout.

In the construction of such s it has been the practice to paste or sinrely secure the. separated parts cons g the or body to the cloth of theouzcr lining. This lining: cloth or leather, leather be employed, isthen folded over the of the body portion, and the inner lining pasted onthe inside so as to cover such folded over parts. This has all been handWork. A consequence of such method is that the back, which has thefunction of supporting the/book, is the weakest partof the cover, andcorrespondingly less able to perform this function. The production ofsuch cover requires many hand operations and. is slow and expensive.

My invention consists in the provision of :1 cover which is formed of abodyportion having on the outer side the desired lining, zmd 1n tormingthe said several layers con tinuously thrugh the entire extent of thecover, and in then forming,.at the place Where it is desired that theback shrill be, hinges on each side of the said'back portion in shape ofgrooves, which are located substantially parallel to each other and areof sufiicient \vidthto enable the easy flexing of the covers.

v My invention further consists in lining. the inner prt'of the bodyportion of tlie c'over with a coating'of liquid applied thereto formedtherein. The inner surface of the sheet either before or after the sameis cut into cover blanks, but preferably after, is treated as with aliquid to overcome the warping tendency, whereby covers available forthe reception of metal binder parts are produced.

A further object of my invention 'is that by the use of the improved andstrengthened back provided I am enabled to employ, with specialadvantage in the way of securing and holding the same, inner loose leafbinding mechanism and outer retaining devices, which are securedtogether by means which pass through the said back portion.

A further object of my invention is in the provision of simple andeconomical opening means for the prongs.

A desirable form in which my invention may be embodied is illustrated inthe accompanying drawing, wherein- Figure 1 is a perspective view of atemporary binder constructed according to my invention; Fig. 2 is alongitudinal section of the book on the line H Z, Fig. l, partly broken,showing the book opened and the prongs drawn apart; Fig. 3 is a sideView on an enlarged scale of the cover, the outer lining being at thebottom portion; Fig. 4 is a cross-section on the line 44 of Fig, 2, onan enlarged scale;- Fig. 5 is a plan view of the spring prong-carryingplate partly broken; Figs. 6 and 7 are elevation and end viewsrespectively of the back plate; Fig. 8 is an end view on an enlargedscale of the spring plate and the prongs.

According to my invention the temporary binder, or other similar device,is provided with a cover A, the construction of which forms an importantpart of the invention.

The body or backing B of this cover is formed of suitable material, forwhich pur pose a good grade of paper of the kind known as cover paper,and which is somewhat flexible and of a fairly heavy weight, has beenfound well adapted. Paper board may be employed for this purpose, ifdesired, and the weight of the backing or the number of plies employedare variableas desired. For the particular book illustrated I have foundthat a backing of one-ply of the kind of paper stated gives goodresults. Upon this backing is secured on the outside in the usual manneras by paste or glue, a lining C which may be of textile fabric, such ascloth, or it may be of leather, or of any of the other substancesusually employed for this purpose. Ihave illustrated this lining asbeing formed of cloth. As heretofore stat d, the application of thelining to the backing has a tendency to draw the backing so that it willno longer lie in the flat shape desired. To overcome this tendency Iapply to the inner-rside or surface of the body portion or backin asillus trated conventionally at D, a washing or coating of fluid, andthis I have found effectually overcomes the tendency of the backing towarp in, the direction of the liner. I have employed, heretofore, forthis purpose, a solution of book binders paste in water, whichconstitutes an adhesive solution, and this I have found admirablyaccomplishes the purpose. I have also washed the saidinner surface orbacking with a solution of alum in water, and this, likewise, overcomesthe tendency to warp. I believe that the desirable result accomplisheddsproduced by a slight shrinking of the inner face, to which the saidliquid is applied, but I am' not posi tive as to this. I haveascertained, however, by actual use, that an adhesive solution or asolution of 'adhesive'materialwhich forms a coating over the inside ofthe backing, is

not necessary to overcome the warping tendency, but that this may beaccomplished by a solution or by a liquid which soaks into the fiberswithout forming a coating thereon. The liquid which I have employed forthis purpose is spread evenly over the inner surface of the backing B soas to cover the same, and when the said cover has dried the .is appliedto the body in a large sheet in the manner described, and when the sheethas been properly dried it is cut up into blanks approximately the sizeof the cover desired, and the. corners of the covers thereupon referablyrounded as indicated in the drawings, either during the said cutting orafterward. The hinge joints are then formed in the covers preferably ina hot press. The inner coating is preferably applied as the last stepafter the cover is pressed. The cutting of the blank out of the sheetmay be performed in the ordinary paper cutting machine, wherein a stackof sheets may be placed and which machine is usually provided with aclamp or press for firmly holding the material being cut, and in suchcase the rounding of the corners, if desired, may be subsequentlyperformedby a round knife, or the covers my be punched out of -the sheetby male and female dies. It will be. found that the edges of the coverso produced will be sharp and distinct; that they will not fray inusebut will maintain their shape, and that thesaidcoVerS, although fproducing the ordinary cover having the wxi e'wz-fv the. liningatiirrem? and pasted to th 'e .'\".ill be e inappearance thereedge will besubor only invention is lint; by means of l folded, and which inineither an i'oh I "forniingftwo al of which the the hit grooves areiz'sses l inn ai' dlyiro n he ln ng C'nnd. ex

through the entire (replies form- .the corer as she ig.3. They are Iotthe cover which? "nsthefhack between the grooves. The? refer-ably eretend from one edge ofltheeoi'er to the other. ZQ-Th'jesaid grooves my beproi'lnced in a suitable w :.w-,;as for instance met of 'rulc or niale'-die brought again t the rnz-tte'riil ot -wl'iicl i;the-co.-'er isponh A.d. hy a considerable blow, -.and pressing. tl e fsaino into a "j-groove -on female die ,nnd tl' s the effect "jot pressing the linin"iiid i the gr ovei'llshsps p tigh ed ai. lo-pres o mi: "hppeliran'ce.lihelungcslhp *forSmed-in the cor sat. the thjey a cut. o rt ol' th shee"-plrtyed' for lie 1 1 ing and heading, -cspec' "said dies It'iyillhe iitherfountl'tlfat the pro'diiction oit the hing plishedoyvithohcausing. ithe separation of the layers attheglue e v I of theiormation 'of tl iegir ooi es has been to i'nl'pairt "a5,- snf'rici ent degree 'offiexibility to the g1 l port-ion of ti" Siilegorn'inps a 1 in b.

on their i-ospe 'vo hinges i the I that tl'ieywili 1 in po: one d red;l'iinge joint pro (lured according to my. in tio n will, for a bookhai'ing dimensions about and a thickness of about;

nQinch' be ample i'or. the purpose of performing its function,

1y grooout strai teddy rein in 6f an inch. Theay'h e Varied asusualflanges g, upon the inner edges of 80 which a re mounted the prongsor half rings H H, each of which is provided --'ith a slot 1- in itsrear edge adapted to passover the edge of its supporting flangefrequently seated in a recess said ee The. lower edges and which isfin-media the oi the mating .ll, llfl iii snch jig t oii'that-the porofsccsotthe" ihints. is" accom nil jthatthe effect @217 so that the.

d to and fro" m 'if the same is for ned the ydth of about of the hookvaries, orthe thickness binding provided located. onwthe, outside ofthhad; 6' jcorer. This is curved cross-section irs seen in Fi '7, so as toI import a -sl ig'ht cmriature to the back .ot-the'coi'ler', as illristrated in Fig. 1. Lugs i illustrated "as formed'at the ends of the hitchplate I, il l 'ustrated in Figs. 0 and 7 as straight, are'bent to extendthrough the cover and are suitably V secured to the spring plate G a'sfor "nstance" by being bent into notches therein.

The spring-plate, .pronv constrnction'and sup 'iorts and back platedoIIOthflll'lll p'art of this invention. .lHoweteiigthe temporary hinderpro; v

'ei l h y,t he use f the with the co's'erforn'aiizg a pit t of thi tionproduces a novel nd desirable ture in that the full. strength ht; tl ofwhich the cover (:on'iposed i *at the hacleportion here-the a resupported, =2Llld -thereliy, t, (1 crease in the strength of thesiipnorting parts is provided." 'lCu'ntherhy. iding the hinge joints Iam enabled 't self of the thickened rcoveria iiir'reased strength at thepoin V hinges are hroduced :lndthe y have the "'ar i'ai'itages of. acover which i sily' opens or cio and stays iniadjnstedposition withoiitspringing. These advantages so far" is I am aware could he obtainedotherwise only by decreasing the thickness of the. coyer at 'tlie'hingethereby sacrificing strengtl'i' and durability. i i Z My inventionincludes the provision of improved means for opening the, prongs, andthese are illustrated as short stubs J, i K. 'lhese-stuhs are perforatedat to pass open the rings, :ind they are located hetween the huiiehofleaves L carried'hy t frings and-the covers. aresprptivel J Theshorts-tubs mmnposed; of srh' ll light, stifiunateii '-:for. which; rpo'found light fabric hoard or hea yilyplated paper stock of toughconstruction icli' as light leather'board, {to he well'adapted, for thispossesses sufiicient strengtl'i -so that the perforations will not betorn ,out during t e actof opening the rings, and yet it is so lightthat its weight does not appreciably add to the weight of the binder,and the expense of production is slight.

The (:1:- nit may be improved by the ad area thereof, loose-leaf bindingmechanism inside of said cover, an outer plate, means adhesive assistsin preventing the fraying of the edge in use.

I have illustrated the best manner of conestructing my invention,,but itwil l be ap'' parent that the invention is not limited to all theparticulars noted; for instance, the

cover is described as. formed of one-layer'of paper backing having acloth lining thereto. These materials are not indispensable, nor thenumber of layers in the'backing. Likewise I have illustrated the hingejoint as being employed upon this particular cover,

but however, I may, within my invention,

employ this hinge joint upon a single layer cover, or upon a greaternumber of layers. These and other modifications of my invention may bemade within the limits of the appended claims without de arting therefrom. Nor do I limit mysel to the use of the particular metal partsillustrated, as other constructions could be employed.

In the practical application of my method f I have found it preferableto apply the outer lining to the body in a sheet, to then cut the sheetup in cover blanks and as the last -step to apply the inner liquidcoating, but my invention. could be employed within the limits ofthefollowing claims by coating the sheet, with the liquid coating beforeit is cut up.

WhatI' claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1- 1. A cover fora temporary binder, comprising a fibrous body, an outer lining securedthereto, an inner coating of adhesive, a prong-carrying spring plateinside of said cover, 'anouter plate, means for securing the partstogether comprising lugs on the outer plate adapted to pass through thecover and secured to the spring plate, and hinge joints formed in saidcover comprising grooves "therein on each side of said back plate andparallel with the edges thereof.

2. A cover for a temporary tially uniform thickness throughout the forsecuring the parts together comprising lugs on one of said parts adaptedto pass part, and hinge joints formed in said cover through the coverand secured to the other comprising parallel grooves and between whichthe back is formed.

3. A cover for a temporary binder formed binder com-' prising anintegral fibrous body of substanof a body of paper, a cloth liningafiixed thereto and said paper-having an inner coating of adhesive andsaid several matea rials extending continuously throughout the cover,and said cover having hinge joints;

platoon the outside thereof and .bet iv n said grooves,.andmeansforsecuring, parts together comprising lugs. on the baclkf plate passingthrough the cover and secured;'

to theprong plate.

4. A temporary tion and to-be maintained in such position bindercomprising tag: spring plate, prongs mounted therein and adapted to bemovedto open or closed posi by the said p late and means for simultaaf,neously opening all said prongs oompr is ing short perforated stub s,mounted on Iea'chi prong, between tholeaves of the-book and therespective side's-ofthe cover. a

5. A temporarybinder comprising a cover havmga fibrous an outer liningSecured thereto, and wherein the tendency: of"

the body to warp 'has'been corrected by an inner coating of liquid, -'aspring plate, prongs therein, a back plate and means for securing saidparts together comprising lugs on the back plate passing through thecover and secured to the spring-plate, hinge joints vin the covercomprising grooves therein on each side of the back plate,'and1 meansfor opening the prongs comprising short, perforated stubs, mounted oneach prong, be-. tween the leaves Tof the book and the respective'sidesof the cover.

6. A cover comprising a body of fibrous material, an outer liningsecured thereto and an inner coating of adhesive material, said liningand coating extending substantially throughout-the sides of the cover7..A cover comprising a body of fibrous material, an outer lining oftextile material afiixed thereto, and an inner coating of adhesivematerial.

8. A covercomprising a backing, an outer lining connected thereto, andan inner coating of adhesive material. V

9. A cover comprising a body of fibrous materiaLan' outer lining affixedthereto, and an inner coating of adhesive material, said cover formed ofa continuouspiece and being of substantially uniform thicknessthroughout. I 10. A. cover formed of a body of paper, a cloth-liningaffixed thereto and said paper having an inner coating of adhesive andsaid several materials extending continuously throughout the cover. 11.A cover comprising a backing, an outer lining ailixed thereto, and aninner coating of adhesive'material, said several materials extendingthroughout the dimensions of said cover.

12. A cover for a temp n'ary hinder formed of flexible material ofsubstantially uniform thickness throughout. loose leaf binding,mechanism within 'said cover, retaining devices for said bindingmechanism passing through said cover and said cover having hinge jointsformed tl'ierein romprising a pair of substantially parailel groovesformed in the cover on each side f said binding mechanism, the materialin d grooved portions being displaced from the plane of the adjacentmaterial in the cover on both the inside and outside of the cover andsaid grooves having their convex sides extending inwardly of said cover.13. A flexible cover for a binder formed of a plurality of layers ofmaterial each extending throughout the entire area of the cover anddirect: attached to each other throughout and oi substan tially uniformthickness thr'mgi'iout, loose leaf binding mechanism within said coverretaining devices for said binding mecha nism comprising members havingenlarged portions on the outside of said cover and having portionspassing through said cover and secured to said binding mechanism andsaid cover having hinge joints formed therein comprising a pair ofsubstantially parallel grooves formed in the cover on. both sides of theback, the material in said grooved portions being displaced from theplane of the adjacent material in the cover on both the inside andoutside of the cover, and said grooves having their convex. sidesextending inwardly of said cover.

14. A cover formed of a tibrous body. an outer textile lining securedthereto and an inner coating of adhesive. said material ex tendingthroughout the cover. and b1: ving hinge joints formed therein by aniimardiy extending crease on each side of ihr,

each.

15. A cover formed of a iibr ius body. an outside lining ailixed theretofind an inner coating of adhesive, the said several "rye-rs extendingthroughout the area of the cover and each of them terminating; at theouter edge thereof.

16. A cover formed of a fibrous body, an outside lining afiixed theretoand an. inner coating of adhesive, the said severalilayers extendingthroughout the areii of the cover and each of them terminating atthe-outer edge thereof, and hinge joints formed therein by inwardlyextending g ooves ocated at each side of the hack portion of th coverand extending from edge to edge of the cover.

17. In a temporary binder a cover comprising a fibrous body, an outeriimig affixed thereto and wherein the tendency of the body to warp hasbeen corrected by the temporary ing of liquid. the severai parts of the(over extending throughout the area thereof, loose ieat bindinginerhanism in said cover and means for Sit'lli'illfl' the same to therover whi h pass through the said cover.

t i\ rover compr sing a fibrous body. an outer tining ati'ixed theretoand wherein the tendrnry ot the body to warp has heed corrected by theappliiration to the inner surfactof a coating of liquid. the severalparts of the cover extending! throughout the area therool.

19. rover compridug a fibrous body. an outer l ning ullixml thereto andwherein the tendenqv ol' the bod) to warp has been (orierted by tbr tl llp h'ittltili o the inner ':-tl1'-- fare ot a r uting of liquid. 1 sveral parts of the rover extending; thzoughout the area thereof and hnmg bio; thereon formed by a pair I tauii dly paraiirl grooves t rmed.

bet we e a o, twining ('\i\\'2' ro i. ist in m -iii iig a timing to theouter fare oi {oily via-rt. in ruiitir; rover blanks out oi the sheetsso treated. an in applying a liquid routing to the inner surface of therovers.

ll. The proress ol' torn'iing rovers which consists in '\flil!liill{ alining to the outer surfare of Li bod) sheet, in cutting cover blanksout of th s ts so treated, in providing hinge joints in said material byforming paralh-l groov s therein. said groove; spare-l apart to providea back between them. and in applying a liquid roating to the innersurface of the covers.

22. The proce s o homing rover whirl! rosoists in ri-iurufing o tin-n;ivbe outer surface of a b d porti n and applying a iiquid rooting to 5hrinner surface of the ,3 an iiallv unii'oru; iiit' .ftil ioose liu' loudof said cover. means i r s uring the said parts tog ther whivh passthrough the back of said cover and hinge joints i'ornu'd in said rovercomprising parallel inwardly extending grooves between wbirh the bark isformed. the material in said groo ed por tions being dis art-d from theplane of the adjarent. material in the rover on both the inside andoutside ol the rover and said grooves having their (HHHX sides extendinginwardly ol said ooven over for a temporary binder I'ormed ol :1 body ofpa n-r. a eioth lining atlixed thereto throughout the ar a of said roverand said ('ovrr being of substantiaiiy unil'orm' thieli'ness throu bootand having hinge joints formed therein by parallel grooves located atearh side of the back portion and extending from edge to edge of thecover. the material in said grooved portions being displaeed from theplane of the adjueent material in the eorer on both the inside andoutside of the eover and said grooves having t heir eonvex sidesextending inwardly of said eorel. :1 prong earrier in eaid cover, aretaining; deviee on the outside of the cover and hetween the groovesand means for securing the parts together whit-h paws 55 through thehack of the novel.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the lH't'StIltt oftwo Mil,- serihing witnesses.

CLARENCE l). 'IRIESIQLIJ. Vitnesses ALLEN Fnos'ix Lonlx F. ()s'rinnhmwr.

DISCLAIMER.

1,194,684.LZar(mce 1). T msell, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 'IsMronAuY BINDERAND Mn'rnon or FORMING THE SAME. Patent dated August 15, 1916.Disclaimer filed June 25, 1926, by the assignee, Tmssel ManufacturingCompany.

Hereby enters this disclaimer to the following parts of thespecification and claim which are in the following Words, to wit:

A further object of the invention consists in the provision of simpleand economical opening means for the prongs. (Lines 46 to 48, inclusive.page 1.)

A further object of my invention is in the provision of simple andeconomical opening means for the prongs. (Lines 16 to 18, inclusive,page "2.)

My invention includes the provisions of improved means for opening theprongs, and these are illustrated as short stubs J K. These stubs areperforated at j to pass upon the rings, and they are located between thebunch of leaves L carried b the rings and the covers a, a respectively.The short stubs are composed of small light, stiff material, for whichpurpose I have found light fabric board or heavilv plated paper stock oftough construction, such as light leather board, to be well adapted, forthis possesses sufficient strength so that the perforations will not betorn out during the act of opening the rings, and yet it is so lightthat its weight does not appreciably add to the Weight of the binder,and the expense of production is slight. (Lines 112 to 129, inclusive,page 3.)

4. A temporary binder comprising a spring plate, prongs mounted thereinand adapted to be moved to open or closed position, and to be maintainedin such position by the said plate, and means for simultaneously openingall said prongs com prising short perforated stubs, mounted on eachprong, between the leaves of the book and the respective sides of thecover. (Lines 79 to 87, inclusive, page 1.)

[Ofit'cial Gazette J uly 13, 1926.]

